How to Reduce the Rate of Domestic Violence Essay

As professional athletes remind us on a weekly basis, domestic violence is a social problem which continues to plague the nation. Through stricter law enforcement, improved hospital reporting techniques, and nationwide education and counseling, this problem can be reduced. Domestic violence has many different names such as, family violence, battering, wife beating, and domestic abuse. All these terms refer to the same thing, abuse by marital, common law, or a dating partner in an intimate relationship. Domestic violence is not limited to physical beating. It is any behavior that is intended to overpower and control another human being through the use of humiliation, fear, and physical or verbal assault. Domestic violence is a very†¦show more content†¦Verbal abuse and psychological abuse is the most detrimental type of abuse for a woman to endure. The effects of verbal abuse tend to be long lasting, even after the abusive relationship is over. The reason is because verbal a buse leads to psychological abuse. Verbal abuse is demeaning and degrading language that abusers use towards their partners on a consistent basis, which inevitably robs the woman of self-esteem and confidence. When an abuser engages in repetitive criticisms’ of a spouse’s ability, put-down’s, name calling, and even threats, this is labeled as psychological abuse. Being ignored, laughed at, or even provoked are other contemptuous acts committed by abusers who are usually narcissistic individuals. Psychological abuse inevitably leads a woman down a path of anxiety and depression. The abused woman will then develop a negative self-perception of herself; affecting her future relationships down the line. Abused women often enough, become vulnerable and susceptible for re-abuse from other men and from people in general. Constant humiliation eventually destroys a womans belief in herself and ultimately she will question her self-worth, believing that the abuse was her fault. Males are the leading contributors to all forms of sexual abuse (Schwartz Scott, 2003). 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Database Management System And Microsoft Sql Server Vs....

DBMS Database Management System or DBMS is a collecting computer program used for creating, deleting, editing and maintaining collections of different data records. There are many different types of database management systems; they are used to stored, managed database model. Different DBMS systems are Relational Database System, Flat Files Base Database Management, Hierarchical Database Management Systems, Network Database Management System and Object-oriented Database Management Systems. () Relational Database System includes Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL Server, IBM DB2, mySQL, IBM DB2, SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise, and Teradata, etc. Oracle Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Teradata: Oracle database is a â€Å"collection of data treated as a unit† (Oracle.com). Oracle database system store and retrieve related information. Oracle Database was the first database designed for enterprise grid computing, the most flexible and cost effective way to manage information and applications. Microsoft SQL Server is a software product with the main function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet) ( ) Teradata is analytic data platforms, marketing applications, and related services. Its analytics products are meant to consolidate data from different sources and make the data available for analysis. RDSM Differences Oracle databaseShow MoreRelatedDatabase Management Systems4660 Words   |  19 PagesDatabase Management System Basith Shaik Southern New Hampshire University September 7, 2015 Abstract The intent of this paper is to design and propose a database management system solution to Grandfield College for tracking software installed. I have analyzed the organizational issues and needs and developed conceptual, logical, and physical designs of DBMS solution. In order to implement the solution, substantial research had been done on best practices in design, available products, andRead MoreCourse Outline Ch 25939 Words   |  24 Pagesapplications such as business analytics and data mining. I. OPENING VIGNETTE: DIRECTV THRIVES WITH ACTIVE DATA WAREHOUSING, PAGE 30 Problem? The company’s IT system could not handle the high data volume from customer calls along with the rapidly changing market conditions. Solution? Developed a real-time, integrated active DW solution from Teradata and GoldenGate. Results? Huge business beneï ¬ ts such as reduced churn rate and better managed call centers with real-time data for decision making. WhatRead MoreA Data Warehouse And Business Intelligence Application2208 Words   |  9 Pagesintelligence to order and supply chain management to users. I worked as part of a group of four students to implement a solution. This report reflects on the process undertaken to design and implement the solution as well as my experience and positive learning outcome. Table of Contents Abstract 1 1. Introduction 3 2. Process and Methodology 3 2.1 Team Member Selection and Organisation 3 2.2 Requirement Analysis 4 2.3 Top Down Vs Bottom Up Data Warehouse Design 4 2Read MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5

Performance Management Of Qatar National Bank

Question: Discuss about the Performance Management Of Qatar National Bank. Answer: Introduction Performance management is an integral part of an organization in terms of growth and success. The HR policies and practices play a major role to assess the performance of the employees. Recruitment process, employee engagement retention, grievance handling and training development play an important role to manage the performance of employees. The report would thus, examine the approach of a Middle East organization Qatar National Bank towards performance management. Qatar National Bank: Profile Qatar National Bank is the first commercial bank of Qatar that was set up in the year 1964. The bank is owned by Qatar Investment Authority and public members with a 50 percent ownership structure. In short span of time the bank has become one of the largest banks of Qatar and one of the renowned financial institutions of Middle East and Africa region. The bank witnessed a net profit of QAR 6.2 billion in the year 2016 that surged by 12% from the last year (QNB Group, 2017). The assets of bank increased by36% as compared to 2015 to become 692 billion that is the highest value ever attained by the group. Standard Poors and Moodys have given one of the highest rated to the bank (QNB Group, 2017). The vision of the bank is to help businesses by offering total financial relationship that is built on exceptional personal service and sincere interest in their success (QNB, 2017). The mission of the bank has also been strategically developed and revolves around customers, employees and shareholders. The strategic mission of the bank is: To prioritize customers with banks excellent services and help them to achieve their financial goals (QNB, 2017). To support the employees to achieve their personal and professional successes (QNB, 2017). To assist shareholders to attain their complete ownership (QNB, 2017). To benefit the communities through banks corporate citizenship (QNB, 2017). The bank has been able to achieve its vision and mission through valuable services in the Middle East and Africa. The bank was also rated as worlds strongest bank by Bloomberg markets. System and Process Recruitment Process Recruitment process is the most vital process of any organization because it facilitates to hire skillful talent from pool of candidates (Aguinis, 2013). Most of the organizations thrive to develop effective HR practices and policies to recruit and retain the competent employees. Qatar National Bank recruits the most talented people who can demonstrate their competency skills at the workplace. The bank has an efficient recruitment system to assess the skills, abilities and core competency of the candidates. Recruitment system involves application, HR interview and final selection. The bank may also conduct psychological and competency tests to assess the suitability of the candidate depending upon the profile and position. The bank advertises for the vacancy through different channels including job portals, company website and social media networks. HR manager manages the different CVs received for different position. The HR manager of the bank assesses the CV of all the received candidates to filter out the candidates with appropriate experience, job knowledge, skills and abilities and core competencies. The selected candidate is called for the interview by the HR manager of the bank. The HR manager assesses the attitude and competency skills of the candidate. The bank has an effective induction program for the new employees. It is the responsibility of HR manager to brief the employees on HR practices and policies of the organization so that they can comprehend the values and culture of the organization (Al-Masri, 2015). Training Development Training and development advances the employees in their career by equipping them with the latest industry trends and knowledge (Aguinis, 2013). Employees also seek continuous learning in an organization to evolve their skills and abilities and grow their career (Sung Choi, 2014). The HR manager conducts training and development on frequent basis to train the employees on latest and advanced technology and the latest industry trends evolving in banking sector. The training could be carried out through several methods including coaching mentoring, conducting seminars and workshops, frequent meetings discussions, employee feedback and constant supervision. The candidates are offered an opportunity to enhance their managerial skills, leadership skills and core competencies by the Management Development Program of the bank (Qatar News Agency, 2016). Employee Engagement and Retention Employees are the assets of any company and therefore, it is very important to retain them within the organization (Alias, Noor Hassan, 2014). In order to retain employees, it is important to ensure employee satisfaction. Employee engagement plays a very important role to satisfy the employees and retain them for a longer period of time (Aguinis, 2013). QNB conducts social gathering and activities for the employees to create trust and affection among the employees. The bank offers numerous benefits and incentives to retain its employees for longer duration. The employees receive the insurance for medical, dental, life, vision and disability. They are also given paid holidays and vacations to enjoy their family time. The bank also has dedicated accounts for pre-tax dependent care and medical care reimbursement. The employees also enjoy free and discounted banking services along with stock purchase plan. The employees supporting their families are also given tuition fee for their children. Grievance Handling Grievance handling is one of the challenging issues of HR. When people work together within an organization, conflicts are likely to arise because of ego, jealousy and competitiveness. The HR manager at QNB thrives to bring consensus among the staff members to ensure smooth flow of operations in the bank. HR manager conducts individual meetings and discussions and counseling sessions to resolve the conflicts among the employees and increase their competency skills. Meetings and discussions are effective when the manager has to address the entire workforce for a single concern, for instance the employees may not be happy with the introduction of some new HR policies and are unwilling to work. The HR manager would make them understand the significance of the policy and how it could be beneficial to them. Counseling sessions are deployed by the manager when an individual or a group has some conflict. For instance, an individual is depressed because his family member is suffering from a sickness and is not able to perform at bank. The HR manager may offer his support by giving him flexible working hours and showing his concern for his loved ones. Standard and Measurement Indices Standard and measurement indices help to evaluate the performance of an organization. Qatar National Bank has implemented effective policies to monitor and control the overall performance. The performance is monitored through key performance indicators. Key performance indicators help to evaluate the performance of employees by assessing their contribution to the organization (Parmenter, 2015). The bank has very strategically developed its key performance indicators to assess the performance of its employees. The HR manager regularly monitors the performance of employees and reviews their performance every six months as well as annually to assess their contribution towards the organization growth. Following are the KPI that bank uses to assess the employee performance: Customer Lifetime Value: Customer lifetime value helps to look at the longevity of the customers instead of quantity of customers and is an effective KPI for bank (Ekinci, Uray lengin, 2014). It is challenging to retain the existing customer instead of attracting new ones. According to marketing rule, 80% of the business revenue is achieved from 20% of the customers who are loyal to the company (Krasteva, Sharma Wagman, 2015). The sales officers and relationship managers are responsible for retaining the customer through excellent services. When HR manager evaluates the performance of the employees, he/she looks at the customer lifetime value instead of new customers. Sales Target: Every sales officer has sales target to achieve for every month. The manager reviews the target of sales officers to calculate their salaries and incentives. The employees receive incentives when they attain 75% of their sales. Customer Satisfaction: For a service based industry, customer satisfaction is of vital role. The employees of the company hold responsibility to satisfy customers through their dedication and going extra miles to achieve customer delight (Mahmoud Al-jazzazi Sultan, 2014). The company looks at the record of employees to assess their dedication and commitment towards the company. Performance Appraisals Performance appraisal helps to assess the performance of the employees and gives them the opportunity for their growth and career advancement. It helps the HR manager to assess the potential of the employees and provide them relevant feedback based on their past performance (Bernardin Wiatrowski, 2013). The manager is also able to identify the strengths, weaknesses, skills and core competencies of the employees and may offer them suitable roles and responsibilities through promotion and rotational jobs (Pulakos, 2009). The employees benefits from performance appraisal in form of compensation, incentives, promotion and other employee benefits (Cardy Leonard, 2014). Qatar National Bank reviews the performance of its employees on annual and mid year basis. The performance is reviewed to analyze the past performance of the employees and manage their track record for revision of their salaries and compensation. The HR manager of QNB revises the salary and pay structure of employees every year to assess whether the pay structure is in alignment with their performance and behavior. The manager reviews the track record of the employees while revising the pay structure and if the employee has been performing consistently over the past year and has made a great effort to contribute towards the success of the organization, he is appreciated for that through salary and pay structure revision. The employee may also be promoted for showing his consistency, dedication and great achievements. Further, there are other forms of appraisals including incentives, rewards recognition. One of the sales officers was awarded for handling the customer who lost his debit card on weekend. This motivated him to show his commitment and dedication in future. He was excited and thrilled to receive the reward for the company and even recommended others to join the bank for its amazing culture and practices. Further, when the sales officers achieve their deadlines and targets, they receive incentives for their hard work and dedication. One of the new sales officers was also given incentives when he achieved 75% of his target. Conclusion The report construes that Qatar National Bank has very effectively incorporated HR practices within its system to increase the performance of the employees. The company has effective recruitment system to source the best pool of talent. The employees are retained through banks employee engagement programs and retention policy. Further, the HR department also ensures productivity of the employees through its rewards and recognition system. Standards and measurement metrics of the bank ensure that the performance of employees is in alignment with the banks goals and objectives. Customer lifetime value and sales incentives are regularly monitored to assess employees performance. Further, the HR manager revises the performance of employees within every six months to give them performance appraisal through promotions and incentives. References Aguinis, H. (2013). Performance management (3rd ed.). NJ: Prentice Hall. Alias, N., Noor, N., Hassan, R. (2014). Examining the mediating effect of employee engagement on the relationship between talent management practices and employee retention in the Information and Technology (IT) organizations in Malaysia.Journal of Human Resources Management and Labor Studies,2(2), 227-242. Al-Masri, S. (2015). Nowhere To Go But Up: Hiring Practices In The Middle East. Retrieved from: Nowhere To Go But Up: Hiring Practices In The Middle East Bernardin, H. J., Wiatrowski, M. (2013). Performance appraisal.Psychology and Policing,257. Cardy, R., Leonard, B. (2014). Performance Management:Concepts, Skills and Exercises. London: Routledge. Ekinci, Y., Uray, N., lengin, F. (2014). A customer lifetime value model for the banking industry: a guide to marketing actions.European Journal of Marketing,48(3/4), 761-784. Krasteva, S., Sharma, P., Wagman, L. (2015). The 80/20 rule: Corporate support for innovation by employees.International Journal of Industrial Organization,38, 32-43. Mahmoud Al-jazzazi, A., Sultan, P. (2014). Banking service quality in the Middle Eastern countries.International Journal of Bank Marketing,32(7), 688-700. Parmenter, D. (2015).Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Pulakos, E.D. (2009). Performance Management:A New Approach for Driving Business Results. MA: John Wiley Sons. Qatar News Agency. (2016). QNB Holds Ceremony for Employees Graduating from Management Program. Retrieved from: https://www.qna.org.qa/en-us/News/16040915480023/QNB-Holds-Ceremony-for-Employees-Graduating-from-Management-Program QNB Group. (2017). About QNB group. Retrieved from: https://qnb.com.tn/en/about-qnb.html QNB. (2017). QNB Mission. Retrieved from: https://www.qnbbank.com/about-us/qnb-mission Sung, S. Y., Choi, J. N. (2014). Do organizations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations.Journal of organizational behavior,35(3), 393-412.

Riordan Manufacturing Case Study

The performance of Riordan Manufacturing greatly depends on its ability to plan the capacity of production and effectiveness of its supply chain. Its facilities are located in San Jose, Albrany Georgia, and Hangzhou; moreover, this organization has to cooperate with a variety of venders. The Chinese division of the company produces electric fans that can be purchased by clients from different countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing: specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to achieve growth and reduce operational costs, the management of the company should rely on the principles of lean production, in particular the need to decrease the level of inventory and optimize the process of manufacturing. Moreover, Riordan Manufacturing should focus on the time-efficiency of its operations and effective capacity planning. By acting in this way, they can improve their performance. First of all, t he company can estimate the demand for its product and plan its capacity on the basis of sales data collected within the span of several years. Moreover, this organization can obtain information from customers regarding their annual need for fans manufactured by Riordan. Nevertheless, the company also has to determine its demand for materials. Their major task is to keep the levels of inventory low while avoiding undersupply of stocks. This issue is particularly important because Riordan has to meet the timelines set by customers. It should be noted that Riordan requires various materials, but plastic polymers are probably the most important ones. One of the strategies that Riordan can adopt is VMI or Vendor Managed Inventory. This model implies that the supplier takes full responsibility for the timely delivery of plastic polymers. This approach can be successful, in those cases when manufacturers implement information systems that provide the suppliers with the information about t he quantity of materials that they should deliver. If this strategy is successfully adopted, Riordan decrease the amount of materials stored at their facilities and avoid delays. However, low levels of inventory are only one aspect that they should focus on. Secondly, lean production implies that the company can reduce the amount of time to manufacture and delivery the products to the customer. It should be noted that Riordan cooperates with a global courier FedEx and a local Chinese company. They deliver the fans manufactured by Riordan Manufacturing to clients.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The task of the company is to monitor the performance of these delivery companies, especially their ability to adhere to the schedules set by the clients of Riordan. This is another precaution that they should take. In this way, the management of Riordan Manufacturing can gain the loy alty of their customers who rely on the efficiency of the company. Additionally, the managers of Riordan should look at the steps that are necessary to manufacture a fan. People, who design the process of production, should reduce the movement of workers and equipment across manufacturing facility. The elimination of unnecessary procedures is another element of effective production, because it enables company to cut operational costs and improve time-efficiency. This is another step that should be taken. So, Riordan Manufacturing should focus on the following aspects as inventory management, effective work of supply chain, and production processes. These elements are critical for reducing the cost of manufacturing and time-efficiency of the company. The strategies described in the paper will help Riordan Manufacturing become more effective in terms of their organizational performance. This essay on Riordan Manufacturing: was written and submitted by user Brooke C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Anthropology Final Paper essays

Anthropology Final Paper essays During the beginning of the semester, I did not find the class very interesting at all. It reminded me too much of a history class. The topics just werent appealing to me. Learning of how people function in other societies was really boring to me. I am more interested in learning about my own society and the history of it. I feel that would have a bigger impact on me instead of learning about other peoples societies. The class began to get more interesting towards the end of the semester when we started talking about Philadelphia and its suburbs. I found it very interesting because I already knew about most of the topics. My father works for PHA (Phila. Housing Auth.), and they own all of the projects and various scattered sites throughout the city. As a young child my dad would take my sister and I and drive around the city. He would tell us what used to be where and how nice everything in our neighborhood used to be. I live in Germantown, so when we began our discussion of Philadelphia I knew exactly where Everything was that we where talking about. Also my family belongs to the Germantown historical Society, so I have learned plenty from that. When I was in tenth grade we did a city block project. Every student was assigned a block and we had to evaluate that block during three different time periods. This required looking at old maps and plenty of microfiche. The block I was assigned was the 700 block of walnut street. Washington Square was located directly across the street from my block. When we started talking about that I already knew about it. These are the topics that held my interest. I cant say that my thinking has been affected, but there were plenty of times where I felt connections between class materials and my experiences in the real world. I also felt that the class material was very accurate. Although some of the class was not very interesting. I do feel that m...

Treatment of Words That Include Self

Treatment of Words That Include Self Treatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self† Treatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self† By Mark Nichol Appropriately enough, the self-centered word self, when combined with others, sometimes gets special treatment. Self, as a prefix, is attached by a hyphen to other words in several parts of speech. The combination can be a noun (self-control), an adjective (self-absorbed), a verb (self-medicate), or an adverb (self-importantly). It can also refer literally to a person (self-regard) or can figuratively apply to an inanimate object (self-contained). However it is used, though, it is always, with one aberrant exception I’ll refer to below, hyphenated. In adjectival usage, although most phrasal adjectives are hyphenated before a noun but left open after (â€Å"The well-known artist drew a big crowd,† but â€Å"That artist is well known†), compounds that include the prefix self are hyphenated in both positions: â€Å"The self-possessed girl was confident but not conceited,† and â€Å"That girl is remarkably self-possessed.† This rule applies also to all, another prefix used in phrasal adjectives: â€Å"The all-inclusive policy was more successful†; â€Å"The policy is all-inclusive.† Ex, although not employed in phrasal adjectives, is another prefix always hyphenated to the word that follows: â€Å"That’s her ex-boyfriend.† The exception for the prefix self I referred to above is this: Though self-conscious and self-consciously are so constructed, the antonym presents a problem: Words are often strung together into phrases with hyphens (â€Å"She had an annoying devil-may-care attitude†), but this strategy is considered inappropriate when prefixes are concerned. Un-self-consciously looks awkward. Unfortunately, the preferred alternative, unselfconsciously, is equally repugnant. The solution? Instead of writing â€Å"His unselfconsciousness was refreshing,† write â€Å"His lack of self-consciousness was refreshing.† As an alternative to the adverbial form in, for example, â€Å"They played together unselfconsciously,† try â€Å"They played together with no self-conscious behavior.† In all other usage, though, words in which self or its plural form appears when self is followed by a suffix (selfish, selfless) or when it is combined with a pronoun (yourself, myself, itself, ourselves, themselves, and so on) are not hyphenated. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 1Hang, Hung, Hanged75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard†

Physicians Ethics and Lethal Injection Research Paper

Physicians Ethics and Lethal Injection - Research Paper Example Basically this view involves the concept that that it is impermissible for the doctor or anyone else to terminate intentionally the life of an individual. The traditional view is that the intentional termination of human life is impermissible, irrespective of whether this goal is brought about by action or inaction. Is the action or refraining aimed at producing a death Is the termination of life sought, chosen or planned Is the intention deadly In order to better understand this concept, the notion of physicians participating in lethal injections will be discussed, and the point that the participation in lethal injections is an unethical concept of physicians will be revealed. The main objection against this argument is that of the patients' comfort, but many argue that we should not be as concerned with the comfort of murderers. Whether this is an important issue or not, the primary reason physicians should not participate in this action has to do with their own oaths as doctors; t heir purpose is to save lives, not to destroy them. First, it is important to present the statistics behind lethal injections when realizing their prevalence in certai... The execution involves three separate injections, that once administered lead to a painless, trouble free execution and it takes approx. 8 minutes for the criminal to die. It is the most reliable form of capital punishment in the United States today and is used by 37 states. However, it is the actual process that is the longest of all methods of execution. The protocol, from start to finish, takes between 30 and 45 minutes. This is a punishment in itself, as the condemned awaits his inevitable execution. Banner points out how the long procedure causes mental torture because of the anticipation of what is to come. Many other countries use the lethal injection as their most common form of capital punishment. Guatemala, for example put two suspected kidnappers to death in 2002, simultaneously and actually televised the execution (Rachels, 1995).Understating the concoction that is injected into the accused is also important to understanding this debate. The drugs used to execute inmates in the US sometimes do not always work according to plan, causing slow and painful deaths that in turn are in breech of constitutional bans on cruel punishment. (Ramsey, 1999) Even when used in the right way, the lethal injection method of execution appears to have caused some prisoners to suffocate while they were conscious and unable to move. For example, in 1986, drug addict Randy Woolls had to help execution technicians find a suitable vein for the injections; and in Raymond Landry's case in 1988, the catheter used to inject the chemicals flew out of his arm and sprayed chemicals all over the execution chamber, right in front of several state witnesses. On this occasion, a curtain was drawn preventing the spectators from seeing what was going on, and they were

Data Collection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Data Collection - Research Paper Example ChoicePoint’s functions are essential not only for government organizations but also for private consumers. The data collected and provided by ChoicePoint facilitates the fluent running of different organizations in following ways; easy and quick access to personal information benefits both the parties involved in a venture. In addition to that provision of jobs becomes more accurate when different organizations have appropriate data with them. The data provided by ChoicePoint allows the credit card and insurance companies to avoid thefts and frauds and to decrease the cost. This data is also beneficent for security and law agencies because through ChoicePoint they can have an access to the data which they cannot access by themselves due to legal restrictions. The major disadvantage of this data aggregation is identity theft as easy access to personal information enables the hackers to use someone’s identity in criminal actions and as a result the victims of identity theft have to tolerate bitter consequences. In addition to that most of the people think of this data collection as interference in their privacy and thus this act is considered as indecent and unethical. Moreover, there is no proof of the fact that the information provided by ChoicePoint is accurate and sometimes it can be misleading as well. To conclude, there is a very narrow difference between invasions in privacy and the act that is performed to get the information required for the fluent running of different organizations. Personal data collection provides the business with valuable information that plays an important role in acquiring its goals. In today’s era of technology it is essential that one should have complete information about the parties involved in a venture before indulging in it, in order to avoid thefts and frauds. Sometimes, what is considered as an invasion in privacy by certain people is something that is necessary for the fluent

Romeo and Juliet’s Love Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet’s Love Essay Romeo and Juliet’s love is not true love. Although they have sworn their love and gotten married, they do not truly love each other. They are too young to know if they really love someone. Although Lady Capulet was already a mother at Juliet’s age, Juliet is not old enough to know what love feels like. Capulet even says to Paris that Juliet is too young to get married. â€Å"My child is yet a stranger in the world. She hath not seen the change of fourteen years. Let two more summers wither in their pride ere we may think her ripe to be a bride.† Capulet says here that not until she is sixteen will Juliet be ready to get married. But Juliet thinks she has fallen in love and married Romeo before she is even fourteen. Next, Romeo is also too young. Romeo is not really in love with Juliet, he is in love with being in love. Before the party in act 1 scene 5, Romeo seems to be in love with Rosaline. However he immediately forgets about Rosaline when he talks with Juliet. This shows that he is not old enough to love someone. He has not matured enough, which is yet another reason why Romeo and Juliet are not truly in love. Juliet has not matured enough to get married because she has never been in any kind of a relationship. You cannot love someone if do not know what it feels like. So, if you married the first person you had a relationship with then you could not know if there was someone else who would love even more. Capulet wants Juliet to, somewhat, see who else is out there before marrying Paris. On the other hand, it seems as if Romeo has been in a relationship before. But the problem with Romeo is that he has been in too many relationships. Romeo is in love with being in love, and loves to feel like â€Å"woe is me.† When Romeo gets turned down by Rosaline, he says that he could never love someone as much as he loved her. â€Å"Thou canst not teach me to forget.† Romeo is saying that he cannot forget his love for Rosaline. This tells us that he did not truly love Rosaline, and that he probably does not truly love Juliet. Lastly, Romeo and Juliet do not truly love each other because they have not known each other long enough. They have only known each other for one day and they have already gotten married. That is not nearly enough time for someone to get to know and love another person. Just an hour after the party they had sworn their love to each other. They are not in love, they simply like each other. They were not ready to get married at the time that they did and they still are not in love even after they got married. So, Romeo and Juliet are not really in love. They are too young and immature to be in love with each other. Also, they have not known each other long enough to be in love, they moved too quickly. In conclusion, Romeo and Juliet’s love is not true love.

freedol Pain of Freedom in Ibsens A Dolls House :: Dolls House essays

The Pain of Freedom in A Doll’s House Three Sources In Henrik Isben's play, A Doll’s House, the characters of Nora Helmer, Kristine Linde, and Nils Krogstad suffered to achieve their freedom. A woman of the Victorian period, Nora Helmer was both a prisoner of her time as well as a pioneer. In her society women were viewed as a inferior to men and were not provided full legal rights. Women of that era were expected to stay at home and attend to the needs of their spouse and children. Nora was a free spirit just waiting to spread her wings; her husband Torvald would constantly disallow the slightest pleasures that she aspired to have, such as macaroons. Nora lived a life of lies in order to hold her marriage together. She kept herself pleased with little things such as telling Dr. Rank and Mrs. Linde; "I have such a huge desire to say-to hell and be damned!" (Isben 59) Just so she could release some tension that was probably building inside her due to all the restrictions that Torvald had set up, such as forbidding macaroons. The need for her to consume these macaroons behind her controlling husband's back was a way for her to satisfy her sense of needing to be an independent woman. Upon the arrival of her old friend Kristine Linde, Nora took it upon herself to find her friend a job since she had gone through a lot in her life. She asked her husband Torvald, who also happened to be the new manager at the bank if Kristine could have a job and he responded with an afirmative response. Mrs. Helmer had also stated that she had single handedly saved her husband's life when she took out a loan for his benefit. However, in those days women were unable to get a loan without their husband's consent or another male's signature, so Nora took it upon herself to forge her father's signature in order to secure the welfare of Torvald. She saw it as her obligation as a loving wife to break the law so she would be able to save a life, especially when it was the life of her husband. Others though saw it as a criminal offence; Nils Krogstad for example accused Nora of violating the law to which Nora replied: This I refuse to believe.

Job Design

Job DesignJob design can defined as work arrangement or re- arrangement focused on overcoming job dissatisfaction and employee alienation arising from mechanistic tasks and repetitive. Organizations try to improve productivity levels by giving non- monetary rewards through job design. Non- monetary rewards such as better satisfaction from a personal achievement in meeting the responsibility of one’s work and increased challenge (Business Dictionary, 2013)It also refers to constitute a particular job position by grouped together with set of activities and tasks. Job design should not be underestimated because of organization’s overall productivity will be affected by the way jobs are structured (Pamela S. Lewis, 2007). 2.0 Various Approaches of Job DesignMechanistic Job- Design ApproachThis approach is derived from the scientific- management school of thought, work specialization and work simplification. Its main scientific basis is classic industrial engineering.Diagram 1: indicates the questions might ask to identify whether a job matches the mechanistic approach. Jobs with high mechanistic features the employees training time is usually very short. The reason is mental demands are less, overload and stress unlikely. The disadvantages of this approach are less motivated, less satisfied and higher absenteeism will occur within the organization. In highly repetitive and machine- paced work can lead to health complaints and injuries caused by carelessness and physical wear. For example, low-level factory jobs and unskilled jobs who are working at construction (Michael A. Campion and Paul W. Thayer, 2001).Biological Job- Design ApproachThis approach stems from the sciences of biomechanics, anthropometry, occupational medicine and work physiology. It is called ergonomics, and its main focus on minimize the biological risks of work and physical costs. Ergonomics is means the science of designing working environments or workstations that match the needs and physical abilities of employees. The goal is to make sure that people’s physical limitations and capabilities are not exceeded by the design of their jobs.This approach has been applied in the redesign of equipment used in higher physically demanding jobs so that employees can perform better. This will result in less physical fatigue, create less complaints of health, cause fewer injuries compare with other jobs, and require less physical effort. For instance, ladders, gloves and other equipment have been improved for the telephone installed job and many of assembly tools have been innovated become smaller to is better for female worker to grasp.In fact, a proper seating design is important for all employees with office jobs because of musculoskeletal health (Michael A. Campion and Paul W. Thayer, 2001). Through this approach employees are more satisfying with their job, but it requires higher financial costs to innovate the equipment in the organization.Modern Job-Desig n ApproachModern Job-Design has been practicing by organizations nowadays. It can be divided into job enlargement, job rotation, job enrichment and job empowerment. Job enlargement can define as a job with increasing the number and variety of tasks. This approach was developing challenges to the workers. The tasks are giving at the same level of responsibility; job enlargement is also known as horizontal job loading. Conversely, job enrichment is known as vertical job loading, an employee add variety task in different area. The results of increasing task can be giving the job holder more discretion, authority, and responsibility for making decision in their present role.Next, job rotation is the planned and systematic rotation of employees in pre-determined jobs so they able to get additional skills or knowledge. It is very useful for developing managers because they need to have fully understanding overall operation in the organization. This approach also will help the employees wh o want to improve their knowledge and advance to a new role. One of the benefits of job rotation are employees have an opportunity to learn skills, improve knowledge and ability by working in the different business units or departments. Another job design approaches is empowerment, it can refer to a management practice of sharing rewards, power and information with employees so that they able to take initiative and make decisions to resolve problems and improve performance.Empowerment is based on the idea that providing employees opportunity, skills, resources, motivation, authority, as well holding them accountable and responsible for outcomes of their decisions, will contribute to their satisfaction and competence. These approaches are the most effectively motivating method used by the organizations which improves the decision making skills of the employees and useful in their overall development (John B. Miner, 2007).Important of Job DesignJob design is very important because it design to fulfill the requirements of the organization for operational efficiency, productivity and quality of product or service. A proper job design might help the organization to achieve the goals. Job design offers good rest and work schedule by clearly defining the number of hours an employee required to spend on his or her job. For example, job design for insurance agent has a flexible work schedule and it will help to target more customers. A flexible work schedule means employee can set their own working hours with a fixed number of total hours (CareerBuilder, 2012).This is because their customer may ask them to come out for sign contract or have the knowledge of the insurance at night if the working hour for insurance agent is fixed it will result the agent might not able to get the sales. Furthermore, Job design is fulfilling the needs of the individual for interest, accomplishment, and challenge. When the organization provided a proper job design for each individual emplo yee may aid to increase the job satisfaction, retention of employees, and commitment of employees. For example, organization has sales and marketing vacant and this position have to travel. So the organization has to hire the person who is interest on travelling and meet the requirement of the job.This not only benefits to the individual employee it also the organization due to the employees is found interest with the job. Furthermore, the organization should use motivational job approach to retain employees. The employer ought to use job enrichment or enlargement to sustain the employees who are look for challenge on work. With job enrichment, employer can expand the task for some employees. The employer may provide more interesting and stimulating work that increases variety and challenge to an employee’s daily routine.In fact, Coca- Cola Company is providing on-the-job learning, development programs, coaching and feedback, they make sure that everyone in  the organizatio n to learn more and build their careers. The Coca- Cola stated â€Å"we want Coca-Cola to be a great place to work where people are inspired and motivated to be the best they can be† (Coca-Cola, 2010)Advantages of Job DesignBesides that, a good job design will increase the value of the position to the organization, engages the employee and reduce organizational risk. It results to better organizational effectiveness and efficiency. Not only benefits the organization it also brings better results from employees. Organizational BenefitsEmployee Benefits– Increased productivity and efficiency – Greater clarity of work role and purpose. – More effective work teams – Good team cohesion as roles, relationships and resources are clearly defined – Improved employee attraction, engagement and retention – Increased job satisfaction and engagement – Targeted training to maximize value from training investment. – Targeted training t o meet current and future job needsThe job design can benefit the organization to increase productivity and efficiency due to the employees has a clear work role, target and purpose of the job. Nowadays, the job advertising for all vacancy all clearly stated what the position required. Other than that, the organization will benefit more effective work teams through the team cohesion as roles, relationships and resources are clearly defined. That means they are clearly understand what is the purpose or goal for the organization and it will reduce conflict between employer and employees.Through a proper job design for every individual employee the organization can reduce the requirement cost because the engagement and retention of employees. For employees, they are more satisfied with their job because the job is customizing for her/ him. Furthermore, Training is a part of job design. Contrary to the philosophy of â€Å"leave them alone†, is better to emphasis on training so th ey aware what are their job demands and how it is to be done (MSG, 2013).It targeted on training employees to maximize value to the organization; for employees’  benefits, they can get proper training from the organization and meet the current or future job needs. For example, insurance agent in AIA is provided training to improve their communication skills and soft skills to convince the client to purchase their services. Job design is a continuous process it aimed at helping employees make adjustment with the changes in the workplace. The end goal is reducing employee dissatisfaction, enhancing employee engagement and motivation at the workplace.Disadvantages of Having a Poor Job DesignA poor jobs design and poor systems may result of organizational stress. Research by the World Health Organization indicates that most stress of job happens when an organization values excessive demands and pressures that do not match employees’ abilities and knowledge. A poor job de sign is often attended by a few opportunities for the employees to exercise control or select in their positions. By offering more control for employee in decision- making can increase employee morale and productivity, as well as remove job stress.Overlooking poor work system design and job design might result in increased sick leaves and employee absenteeism. Employees can loss concern and become less committed and irritable to their work (Mary Tucker- McLaughlim, 2013). In addition, the poor ergonomics also will influence employee productivity and job satisfaction. Ergonomics is under biological job- design approach, it applied to verify those employees are not at risk of injury by pressure from working environment. However, ergonomics may also influence both on employees satisfaction and productivity of organization. One of the factors influence the worker productivity is poor design of ergonomics. This can be the physical layout of the workplace, which is poorly designed can slo w down the employee’s want to move items around his/her workplace.Empirical evidence on year 1998 study from Florida International University it indicated the movement of distance, effect of tool mass, and work height on the productivity of the subjects. This researched resulted that three variables had an impact on performance time. It was increased costs and decreased productivity due to poor ergonomics (Beth Winston, 2013).Suggestion and RecommendationDiagram 3To develop a good job structure for new employee or senior employee who is promoted to higher position as a Human Resource (HR) manager must follow the development of job design showed at diagram 3. The way of develop job design is significance for future. It will reduce employee turnover in the organization through this will save cost from recruitment and training new employees. An employer might misinterpret that money is one of the tools to motivate their employees. Nowadays, job design is a significant in motivat ing employees to be more productive. Job design is an important impact on job satisfaction, employee motivation, and commitment to the organization. All of these will be affect the efficiency of the organization.Another purpose of job design is done for correcting and identifying any insufficiencies that affect motivation and performance of employees. Before apply job design to employees must identify their skills and knowledge. After that, decide what job design approaches to providing them. Job design must continually process, it is not only for new employee who joins the organization but also senior employees. A job design is benefits for senior employees to learn more and prevent boredom on their current tasks. Nowadays, job design is very significant to all organizations.When an organization gives a poor job design to an employee, it might result that low productivity or performance. This will influence the overall profitability within the organization. The organization has to customize to every employees because different employees have different level of ability or knowledge.

Legalization of Marijuana outline and speech Essay

Marijuana has always been an issue in our country’s history. However, today, it has gained more attention than it has in the recent decades. People were raised and taught since their early years that this plant brings nothing but trouble to your life if you consume it, for any reason. However, marijuana isn’t as bad as we were all taught that it was. Legalizing marijuana can actually bring many benefits to many groups in today’s society. It’s actually not that bad of a plant once you get to know it a little better. Legalizing marijuana can benefit the American government in a few different ways. One way that it could benefit the government is by selling it and taxing it. Alcohol and tobacco, though known as two drugs that can cause harm to you, still sell and bring in a lot of federal and state tax revenue, regardless of how high taxes are placed on these products. The size of the marijuana market, though illegal, is still very huge and very profitable. If the government were to legalize marijuana, it could bring approximately up to $8.7 billion in federal and state revenue. This could help the government tremendously. This much money can be used for a lot of different things. One thing that this money can help improve is education. For example, in the state of Colorado, it is said that the state has already gained $10 million  in taxes from retail stores in the first 4 months. They said that the first $40 million that they gained in taxes from these â€Å"pot† retailers would be used in their education system and infrastructure, as well as educational campaigns about substance use. This money can be used to purchase new books, technology, equipment, etc., that could be useful to students and teachers in public schools. With a new industry and legal market going on, it could also help create more jobs. In Colorado, more than 10,000 jobs have been created since January of 2014. Many people that were unemployed have now been able to get a job in the marijuana industry, whether it be in distribution, trimming the plants, packaging, petitioning, educating, advertising, and so much more. Marijuana can also bring many health benefits to those who are in need of its â€Å"super high powers.† One disease that it can help treat or prevent is glaucoma. Glaucoma starts when pressure in the eyeball increases, damaging an optic nerve and causes the loss of vision. So, how does marijuana help exactly? Well, according to researchers, marijuana helps reduce the pressure in eye. It has been said that it lowers the pressure in the eyes of people with normal vision and even in people who have glaucoma. Marijuana can also help control epileptic seizures. Marijuana contains a chemical that many people know as THC. THC can help control seizures that are not responsive to other treatments taken to control them. It has been tested with animals and proven to reduce seizures in epileptic rats. There are epileptic people who actually consume marijuana and believe that it help to control their seizures, saying that it helps to regulate their relaxation. One important disease that marijuana may be able to treat is cancer. A chemical in marijuana knows as CBD is believed to stop the spread of cancer by turning of a gene that helps produce cancer cells. Some studies even show that some compounds in marijuana could even actually kill cancer cells. There are studies where people with cancer consume marijuana and believe that it reduces the size of their tumors. Legalizing marijuana can also help reduce crime rates and spending money on crimes related to marijuana. The United States government spends a lot of money on prisoners, approximately $68 billion a year. It is said that about  one-third of the prisoners are incarcerated for nonviolent drug related crimes. This means that legalizing marijuana could help save $11.3 billion from spending on imprisonments. That can help the government save a lot of money and maybe reduce the deficit. According to researchers, it is also believed that legalizing pot could reduce crime rates. Since the legalization in Colorado, about 10.1% of crime has decreased, and a 6.9% decrease in violent crimes. These crimes involve homicides, burglaries, and sexual assaults. Property crime rates have dropped about 11.1%, involving burglary, larceny, auto theft, and thefts from motor vehicles. Legalization of marijuana could also help reduce the number of traffic deaths. According to some economists’ studies, states that have legalized the use of medical marijuana have dropped 9% in fatal car wrecks, which means that there was a decline in drunk driving. This proves that driving high is so much safer than driving drunk. Many people will continue to believe that marijuana is worse than alcohol or tobacco and believe that it will bring nothing but bad things to people who consume it. However, there are facts and studies that prove that legalizing marijuana could bring various amounts of benefits to many people. Like I said, it’s not that bad once you get to know the plant a little better. Remember, don’t knock it until you try it.

buy custom Reproductive Health Services essay

buy custom Reproductive Health Services essay The areas of specific attention when it comes to adolescents reproductive health services are the sexual and reproductive aspects. The reason for this is that the most transitional changes in young people are in these areas. If the changes occurring are not given the necessary attention they may cause health problems in the young people. One of the reason why its important to focus on this aspect is the behavior of the young people which posses much danger to their reproductive health. From a distant, young adults and adolescents from appear healthy but this is not the case since research that has been conducted reveals that most of their engagements and behavior at that age is the main cause of premature deaths among the young adults. Some of the behavior engaged in by the young people which poses danger to their reproductive health includes; risky sex, all forms of drug abuse as well as sexual abuse (2). Adolescents reproductive risks are estimated to be very high in the developed countries in comparison to the developing countries. Despite the fact that most adolescents look relatively healthy it doesnt mean that they are safe because most of their behaviors and practices are unhealthy. For these reasons this paper is aimed at finding out if the adolescents reproductive services are effective in achieving there objects. Some of the methods that will be used in finding out the efficacy of adolescents reproductive health services include filling of questioners, interviews and literature review. Another area that will receive much attention is the diseases that are contracted during this age period and there cases. Since prevention is better than cure, and most of the adolescents ailments are preventable some time and attention will be dedicated to preventive measures. One of the main concerns of this paper is to find out if the reproductive health services for the adolescents are doing much in reducing reproductive health issues among the young adults and adolescents. Adolescents and young adults cover the young people from about age fourteen to twenty four. One of the reasons why this research is important is because about 60% of all deaths of young adults are as a result of reproductive health diseases that are acquired during the adolescents years. Its true that the young people are the tomorrows leaders, for that case its important to secure their lives in order for these leaders to be healthy in the future. Some of the reproductive health issues being experienced by the adolescents girls and boys include early pregnancies as well as sexual transmitted diseases. Also many young people are engaged in drug abuse for example cigarette smoking as well as intravenous drug use which are usually not done in a protective manner. One of the major challenges being faced in this sector is that there are no reproductive healthy services meant for the adolescents and in any case if there are some then they are very few in comparison to the youth population which is very enormous. Some of the key players in ensuring reproductive health among the adolescents are the reproductive health department, health cares and the world health organization. In the recent years ost of the research that has been conducted has been on adolescents health. International and local organizations have been working on strategies which can be used to reduce the engagements of adolescents in misuse of drugs as well as engagement in activities that can put them at a high risk in contraction of sexually transmitted diseases. Drug addiction and STDS often lead to depression in young people and for this reason it is important to find out ways to prevent this in order to reduce suicidal rates among the youths. Resources needed for dealing with these issues are limited yet the setting of the community has much demand on effective health interventions among the youths. Much funding is needed for reproductive services that are effective to be put in place (1). In the United States the health cares that are there at the moment have not been designed to meet the needs of this young people. Services that can help young people to develop good healthy habits as well as maintenance of there future relationships are lacking. Many adolescents end up with reproductive healthy issues because they are not able to access the necessary facilities. Many of the adolescents end up missing the preventive disease measures and other aspects that can play a major role in giving them healthy lives. One of the major contributors to adolescents health are the health care givers and because these people do not have the necessary services in place for them to accomplish this duty. Its clear that, there are no effective services in place to offer reproductive health services to the adolescents (6). Due to the many gaps in the health services meant for the youths some strategies have been proposed and they can help in solving this issue. One of the strategies is allowing the adolescents to take part in the available health initiatives. It becomes easy for the young people to identify themselves with the preventive reproductive health measures when they are involved in the activities of reproductive health. Its easy to identify the reproductive health needs of young people if its the young people doing this work. Some of the benefits accrued by allowing adolescents to participate in their own initiatives include; implementation of relevant programs, the challenges associated with communication barriers can be broken and finally the publication of the health initiative programs becomes easy (3). In the past many people considered the unhealthy practices of adolescent as a normal adolescent developmental stage. These judgments were made on the basis that, most of the young people often look healthy at this point of life. At times the health care justify themselves for neglecting their responsibility in ensuring adolescents are accessible to medical facilities. The results that were obtained about the adolescents health issues stimulated the needed response and as a result there is marked change of the attitude on the issue. Some of the adolescents behavior like illegal drug usage as well as excessive alcohol consumption has put the young people on the spotlight as far as reproductive health is concerned. Some of the areas being focused include the disadvantages of early engagement in sexual activity as well as the repercussions awaited. For example teenage pregnancy and other riisks like contraction of the HIV virus or other types of sexually transmitted diseases (5). The objective of this research is to determine the efficacy of adolescents reproductive health services. Some of the important questions that need to be answered during the research exercise are the as follows. What fraction of the youths can access the reproductive health services? How can provision of health service improve by allowing youths to take part in the reproductive health programs? What percentage of young adults and adolescents have benefitted from the reproductive health cares? What are the adolescents take on adolescents health services? The methodologies to be employed during this research include interviews whereby adolescents in colleges and high schools will be interviewed on the subject. Another way that will be used to obtain the required information is by filling of questioners which will contain five questions on the effectiveness of the reproductive health services meant for the youth. The remaining information will be obtained from review of written literature. The proposed research question is determination of the effectiveness of adolescents reproductive health services. Acquisition of the necessary information will take three months. Interviews and questioners will be very effective in this exercise since there is an opportunity of meeting the adolescents and young adults on individual basis. The expected results will include the impacts that the adolescents reproductive health services has heard on the young generation. Depending on the number of the adolescents that will be interviewed the relevant calculations will be made in order to determine the statistical information on the efficacy of adolescents reproductive health services. This research will greatly help to determine the current situation of adolescents reproductive health services. This information is necessary for any further improvements in this field. Meeting the adolescents at the grass routes will steer much hope in them because they will come to a realization that there are people concerned about them. And this is important because they will be able to identify themselves with people who can be of much help during their difficulty moments. Once the organizations offering reproductive health service assess the results they will be forced to put the necessary services in place in order to fully serve the people they are meant to. Also the results obtained will be of great help in coming up with new strategies that will help in achieving the set objectives as well as solving some of the health issues facing the adolescents as well as the young adults. Some of the disadvantages include difficulties in getting accurate information. This is attributed to the fact that during interviews and filling of questioners some errors can be committed. At times people answering the questions are not sincere resulting to collection of false information. Financial challenge is bound to be another issue in the initial research stage (4). Buy custom Reproductive Health Services essay

Greenwich Mean Time vs. Coordinated Universal Time

Greenwich Mean Time vs. Coordinated Universal Time By the mid-nineteenth century, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) had been established as the primary reference time zone for the British Empire and for much of the world. GMT is based on the line of longitude running through the Greenwich Observatory located in the suburbs of London. GMT, as the mean within its name, would indicate, represented the time zone of a hypothetically average day at Greenwich. GMT disregarded the fluctuations in the normal earth-sun interaction. Thus, noon GMT represented the average noon at Greenwich throughout the year. Over time, time zones became established based on GMT as being x number of hours ahead or behind GMT. Interestingly, the clock began at noon under GMT so noon was represented by zero hours. UTC As more sophisticated time pieces became available to scientists, the need for a new international time standard became apparent. Atomic clocks did not need to keep time based on the average solar time at a particular location because they were very, very accurate. In addition, it became understood that due to the irregularity of the earth and the suns movements, the exact time needed to be modified occasionally through the use of leap seconds. With this precise accuracy of time, UTC was born. UTC, which stands for Coordinated Universal Time in English and Temps universel coordonnà © in French, was abbreviated UTC as a compromise between CUT and TUC in English and French, respectively. UTC, while based on zero degrees longitude, which passes through the Greenwich Observatory, is based on atomic time and includes leap seconds as they are added to our clock every so often. UTC was used beginning in the mid-twentieth century but became the official standard of world time on January 1, 1972. UTC is 24-hour time, which begins at 0:00 at midnight. 12:00 is noon, 13:00 is 1 p.m., 14:00 is 2 p.m. and so on until 23:59, which is 11:59 p.m. Time zones today are a certain number of hours or hours and minutes behind or ahead of UTC. UTC is also known as Zulu time in the world of aviation. When European Summer Time is not in effect, UTC matches the time zone of the United Kingdom. Today, it is most appropriate to use and refer to time based on UTC and not on GMT.

United States should not remove all penalties on drugs Essay

United States should not remove all penalties on drugs - Essay Example More than 30% of the states have legalized the use of these kinds of drugs. Thus there arises a conflict of interest between the Federal Government and the central government. However, the liberalization and decriminalization of drugs is not a very acceptable phenomenon from a societal point of view. This essay makes an attempt to justify the opinion that US should not remove all penalties on drugs. Discussion The US government had planned to remove or reduce the drug penalties on several grounds like lack of any violent activities or the use of weapons. If the drug penalty on those people are removed who have not indulged in violence, the others may be instigated to get involved in such activities knowing that they would be freed too. This would have a harmful effect on the society. The drug peddlers who trade drugs to anyone other than the minor had also been given relaxation. Circulation of illicit drugs even to the adults is not acceptable (Savage 1). A lot of money of the govern ment that comes in form of taxes is spent in the prison expenses of the people convicted of the crime. Most of the people had taken advantage of this and had moved to jail so that their basic needs are taken care of. However, to curb such increasing expenses the persons who are accused of using and distributing drugs cannot be freed because it will cause harm to the society. The drug peddlers who trade drugs to anyone other than the minor had also been given relaxation. Circulation of illicit drugs even to the adults is not acceptable (Savage 1). A lot of money of the government that comes in form of taxes is spent in the prison expenses of the people convicted of the crime. Most of the people had taken advantage of this and had moved to jail so that their basic needs are taken care of. However, to curb such increasing expenses the persons who are accused of using and distributing drugs cannot be freed because it will cause harm to the society. These drug addicted people would come out and spread the curse among more people and it would have detrimental effects on the society. Thus by maintaining the penalty the government of US would be able to deliver better safety standards for the public. If penalties are removed, the use of drugs would lead to several organized crimes. The drugs are mostly expensive and thus the sale of drugs provides a lot of money to the drug peddlers. These people with their money can influence many powerful entities and continue with their illegal business. It would also lead to a waste of money by the youngsters especially who can use that money for educational or other productive uses. The consumption of drugs would also increase because the people who did not indulge in drugs in fear of legal bindings would now start using drugs. Most important point in this regard is the fact that US government under the leadership of Ronald Reagan and more recently Bill Clinton had passed several legislations to curb the use of drugs. These measures have actually helped the government control the use of drugs. Records have proved that the crime rates had decreased in the period when these rules were there. Thus in order to ensure the safety of the citizens and the benefit of the society as a whole, the US should not remove the penalty on drugs (Levine 1). Conclusion Thus it is clear that the binding that is existent in the US regarding the consumption and the use of laws should remain stringent and the penalties that are existent should not be relaxed. The relaxation of the penalties woul d send a wrong signal to the society and the illicit consumption would increase. The stringent regulations would curb the crime rate of the society that take place due to drug abuse. The waste of money and other forms of resources would be prevented and it could be utilized for the social welfare. The regulation of the use of drugs would prevent the economic power from concentrating into the hands of the influential drug dealers. Though the people who indulge in the business and use of

Figurative Language versus Literal Language Assignment

Figurative Language versus Literal Language - Assignment Example Amphiboly An amphiboly is a misleading notion that relies on either a vague word or a grammatical formation and meant to puzzle or give a wrong impression to an audience. In essence, amphiboly is created from fallacies through modification of sentence structures in such a way that the sentence will have two or more meanings. A speaker may choose to create a sentence in a careless manner in order to arouse peoples’ attention for instance in an advert. An amphiboly is best demonstrated in the advert below. â€Å"Four rooms apartments for rent inclusive of; cooking room, private phone, river sight and bathroom†. Someone might e tempted to think that the advert talks about a four bed roomed house that has a private phone, a private kitchen and a private bathroom. But in reality, the only thing that is private in this room is private phone. The other utilities are to be shared somewhere within the apartments. Analogy This is a logical argument which shows similarity between two things or situations while pointing out that if two things or situations are similar in one way, then they should be similar in others. Example; after John was jailed, he felt like a fish out of water. This means the conditions under which John was is comparable to the conditions a fish moved out of water would be. It means that he was very uncomfortable as a fish would die outside water. Flame word Flame words are words that give an impression of an insult in their use. Flame words are used in conjunction with other figures of speech when a speaker wants to give an insulting comment. Example, â€Å"You are such a snob†. The phrase can often be misused to mean that though the speaker is a liar, the subject is a better liar. This phrase may sometimes be misunderstood to mean an intentional accusation and cause a conflict. Metaphor It is a figure of speech that uses one thing to mean another. It is used to make a comparison between two things. For instance, â€Å"the old l ady cried until he became a child†. Literally the audience may be tempted to think that the lady cried until he changed into a child but this is not true metaphorically. In fact, it means that he cried like a child. Hyperbole This is the use of exaggeration to produce a comic effect. Hyperboles are therefore comparisons that are excessive and outrageous in nature. Example, â€Å"The comedy was so funny the crowd died of laughter†. The above sentence does not mean that anybody died. It rather means that fun was extreme so people laughed a lot. It is used to show extremity of actions or events. Simile â€Å"A simile is a figure of speech that gives a comparison between two dissimilar things to give a different meaning† (Myers & Smith, 2008). It uses the words â€Å"like or as† in comparison. For example, he is a coward like a hyena or he is brave as a lion. The first example compares the cowardice of the subject to that of a hyena while the second example co mpares the subject’s gallantry to a lion’s bravery. Similes are used in speech to arouse the attention of the audience. Euphemism It is a polite term that is used in place of other words or phrases to pass harsh or unpleasant information to the audience. It can also be used to pass a harsh or bitter truth in a friendlier manner. For instance, the old woman passed away yesterday. The words ‘passed away’

BFS 3430-09D, PRINCIPLES OF FIRE BEHAVIOR (BFS3430-09D) Essay - 2

BFS 3430-09D, PRINCIPLES OF FIRE BEHAVIOR (BFS3430-09D) - Essay Example Be sure to divert the spilled fuel away from the cockpit or cabin; and take extra precaution against any possibility of fuel burst out, set up a safety border within the region of the incident site (Union County Standard Operating Guidelines n.d.). 3. For fire related incidents, full protective gear must be worn including SCBAs and move towards the fire from the windward side. If no hazardous materials or explosives are present, go about the procedure as a flammable liquid fire (Union County Standard Operating Guidelines n.d.). Foam must be used in fire fighting when Jet A fuel is involved. If foam is not available make use of a semi-fog stream to push the fire away from the cockpit or cabin. Make sure that the fuel spill and fire does not flow back behind you while protecting the crew and advancing towards the fire as this may trap you (Union County Standard Operating Guidelines n.d.). 4. If the fire involves hazardous and explosive materials, follow the Hazardous Materials resources guide for the product involved, and set up a safety perimeter around the incident site (Union County Standard Operating Guidelines

Does An Individual Enjoy Freedom Of Occupational Choice

Does An Individual Enjoy Freedom Of Occupational Choice Why do working- class individuals continue to enter working- class, gender stereotyped jobs? Why do working- class boys look for heavy manual work (Willis 1977), in trades such as plumbing, electrical engineering and forestry? Why do working- class girls still swarm towards traditional female occupations, such as nursing and rarely for example, seek training as electricians, joiners, technicians and computer operators? We might expect that new production patterns, and new systems of education and training, coupled with the promise of lifting barriers to opportunity, might have dislocated the processes of class and gender reproduction of careers- but little has happened to counteract the influence of class race and gender on career choice. (Wilson 2010: 51) In view of the above statement, critically evaluate the contention that the individuals enjoy the freedom of occupational choice. Occupational choice is without doubt one of the most important decisions an individual makes in their lifetime. Sofer (1973) reiterates this by stating that; It is often critical in determiningincome; standard of living; health; self- esteem; social relationships; the quality of ones life; and the environment one can provide for ones family, including the chances of ones children to enter particular occupations. (Williams 1974:15) The above statement reflects how it is often perceived that if a person is satisfied within their working environment, then other aspects of their lives will follow on from this. Work plays a huge role in our life and we contribute a large majority of our time and effort to ensuring that we have chosen the right career, beginning from very early childhood when we embark into the education system, right through to when we leave school and decide where to go next. The past twenty years have seen rapid advances in the theories of occupational choice, but to date there has been little agreement as to exactly how and why we preside in a certain occupation over another. More traditional theories sided with the belief that we either happen upon a certain role, or that it is down to the development of the individual thanks to a rational process of decision making. These concepts have recently been challenged by theorists who believe that alongside the developmental and chance aspects of occupational choice, there are structural factors which make a massive impact. The objective of this essay is to determine the extent to which an individual enjoys freedom of occupational choice. This will be addressed by firstly defining occupational choice, then exploring how the theory has developed, critically evaluating the contrasting opinions and providing necessary academic literature where needed. The essay will logically move through these theories in refer ence to the objective provided and then arrive at a conclusion, reviewing all of the above. According to Watson (2003), occupational choice is an individualised process through which the self concept grows as abilities, aptitudes and interests develop (Watson 2003: 183). This definition has developed over many years after numerous studies have been conducted into occupational choice and its determinants. Preliminary theorists deemed it to generally rely on chance events whether they are planned or unplanned, that would eventually influence an individual to make certain decisions (Bright et al 2004: no page). This was referred to as the happenstance theory of occupational choice, which is now seen as highly inaccurate since it did not consider the individual and their personality alongside occurring events during their lifetime (Bright et al 2004: no page). Back in 1951, Ginzberg et al carried out a major study into occupational choice which has become known as one of the originating theories on the topic. Ginzbergs research focus was on the individual, and how by making decisions through defined life stages, the self concept is adapted. They deemed the process to be largely irreversible which has formed the basis of the argument for many critics (Slocum 1959:183). Super (1957) is probably the most notable critic of Ginzberg et als theory. He argues that elements such as values and previous research had been ignored (Slocum 1959:184) and he also believed that an individual is matched to an occupational role not only because of their character and merit, but also by the opportunities which are available at the time (Williams 1974:31). Super had recognised the more vocational aspect of occupational choice that a child is subjected to whilst growing up, such as work experience and changing job roles. Supers work contained situational exper iences that highlight more structural factors such as the socio- economic status of the childs parents (Watson,T :2008:230) and the current availabilities within the labour market. Although Supers work delved into the subject much deeper than the proceeding research by Ginzberg, it has limitations due to the way that it only highlighted the potential influence of parents and peers on a child- nor does he examine how this impact can be either positive or negative. The weaknesses of the two studies mentioned so far include that both were carried out on white middle class American males, and therefore cannot be considered to be a true reflection of developmental occupational choice. More valuable research would include information on both sexes, and also recognise the impact of different social class status in the United Kingdom. Musgrave (1967), Mead (1934) and Miller and Form (1951) reinforce the latter point that the main drawbacks of Supers studies was that he failed to fully recognise the significance of parental and peer influence on a child (Slocum 1959: 142-3). Musgrave (1967) took the work of Ginzberg and Super and applied a more sociological stance to give recognition to the way in which we as individuals learn, watch and observe even before entering the labour market, which helps to shape our perception of society (Watson 2003:183). He formulated four stages through which an individual passes; pre-work socialisation, entry to the labour force, socialisation into the labour force and lastly, job changes (Williams 1974:101). The pre work stage focuses on how children imitate adults by games such as doctors and nurses where they take on an imaginary job, and act out how they perceive the role to be. This role playing or role-taking as Miller and Form (1951) refer to it then develops in the second and third stages which cover the individuals entry into a working environment and the career path they eventually decide on, whilst the fourth stage considers any changes that may happen occupationally (Slocum 1959:142). Role- playing shows the influence adults, and more specifically our parents can have on our career choice. A more recent study into the importance of parental roles has been carried out by Dryler (1998). Although on a Swedish cohort, she confirmed that parents in a specific industry will encourage their child to follow in their footsteps. In addition to this, she discovered that the parent of the same sex as the child is more influential if they are in a particular line of work (Dryler 1998:394). There are similarities between the work of Dryler (1998) and Greico (1987). Greico recognised that some individuals are not merely influenced by their parents, but physically supported toward a certain job by being sponsored or recommended (Watson 2003:185). The work of Dryler (1998) and Greico (1987) mirrored earlier observations by Bandura (1977) and Kohlberg (1966) that focussed on social learning and cognitive development, theories that both acknowledge how children emulate their parents, specifically those of the same sex to themselves (Dryler 1998: 377). Interestingly, Dryler also denoted t hat if the parent and child are of different sex, then the opposite is true (Dryler 1998:394). Whipp (1980) and Ram (1994) carried out research which is consistent with the findings of Dryler and Grieco, agreeing that a child can literally be pushed into a job of their parents choosing, which differs greatly from Ginzbergs original theory that individuals have freedom of occupational choice. This also demonstrates how children are not necessarily exposed to all the career opportunities available, and that their parents can be a driving factor in limiting this. These findings also support the theories of Marshall, Swift and Roberts (1975) that ability is nurtured which Hollingshead (1949) suggested can relate to where our parents are situated in the class structure as to how a child portrays a particular job role, which will be looked at in more detail in the next section of this paper (Abercrombie and Warde 2003:141, Slocum 1959:147). However, it must be recognised that childhood observation of our parents may have totally the opposite impact, and a job role may be chosen simp ly to be different. The research discussed so far has mainly focussed on the individual and our behavioural maturation alongside values and beliefs, and how these achieved roles affect our occupational choice. Whilst the work into the developmental aspects of occupational choice is invaluable, it does not help to fully explain the issues mentioned by Wilson (2010) and Willis (1977) in the question. Therefore it is necessary to look at how the theory has developed, and widened to incorporate structural factors which are outside of the individuals control- also known as ascribed roles. Three advocates in the structural related factors field of theory are Roberts (1968), Kiel et al (1966) and Miller and Form (Furlong 1996: 561- 65, Williams 1974: 78 97). They understand that whilst psychology plays a huge part in our occupational choices, we are often faced with issues including, the current economy, gender, ethnicity and class which will be now be analysed in more detail. Traditionalists such as Kuh and Wadsworth (1991) believe that as individuals, we are born into one class- and it is very hard to migrate into other classes (Kuh and Wadsworth 1991: 537-555). In contradiction to this is the notion of social mobility, which is the ability of an individual to move from one class to another (Goodhart 2003). The Government is working hard to increase social mobility, and has appointed Alan Milburn to assist them further with their plans to eradicate the so called barriers to opportunity that Wilson (2010) refers to (Stratton 2010 and Wilson 2010). Hutton (2010) believes that the working class are simply not presented with as many opportunities as those in the classes above them, and Sennett and Cobbs (1972) went as far as to say that being working class creates psychological barriers acknowledging how it may not only be economic difficulties that affect an individual (Reay et al 2001:855-74). Goldthorpe (2003) counteracts this, stating how the class syst em is in decline in Britain, whilst Goodhart (2009) observes that there is no viable way of measuring who belongs in what class therefore statistics on class mobility are often complex and flawed (Goldthorpe 2003:239, Goodhart 2009). In his own studies, Goldthorpe (2003) draws heavily from the previous work of Ginzberg and Super with relation to the self concept development theory, but is distinguishable by the way in which parental class is addressed in more depth and he also incorporates modern empirical evidence to support his work (Goldthorpe 2003: 234). Although he deems class as important, he makes clear that this is only in the entry and lower levels of the labour market (Goldthorpe 2003:238). This is supported by Layder et al (1991), Giddens (1984) and Blau et al (1956), who agree that an individual is affected by different factors at different times in their life, particularly when they enter the institution system and the job market (Watson 2003:184, Williams 1974: 31). Goldthorpe (2003) refers to the rich as risk averse, highlighted by the recent stock market collapse where high paid city bankers still received huge bonuses and pay packets after losing millions of the nations money in risky transaction s. This translates the way in which the working class have to rely on education more heavily as they do not have as much to fall back on as their higher class peers (Goldthorpe 2003: 235). Pakulski and Waters (1996) disagree, stating that parents class makes no difference to their childs eventual occupational choice (Abercrombie and Warde 2003:130). In stark contrast to the earlier research, Garner (2008) states that social class is the single most influential factor in educational attainment, suggesting that our parents class is directly related to the grades we will eventually achieve, and also for what institution we gain them from (Garner 2008). Savage and Egerton (1997) and Westergaard (1995) agree with Garner (2008), claiming that children can do well in education purely because of the distribution of wealth (Abercrombie and Warde 2003:130-1). The Government seems to sit on the fence with regards to the impact of parental class on occupational choice; Nick Clegg and Harriett Harman are both of the opinion that whilst parents play a crucial role, ultimately class inequalities still remain (Stratton 2010, EHRC 2010)- explaining why the Government is taking such a stance on social mobility. The above discussion on social class shows how the stereotypical roles referred to by Willis (1977) may be undertaken by working class in dividuals purely due to the opportunities that are available to them and the class status inherited from their parents. Although Wilson (2010) suggests that this is still the case, the research mentioned has proved that this debate is not easily settled since there are strong arguments from either side by numerous theorists and influential figures. Another structural factor which may affect an individuals choice of occupation is that of gender. In todays modern society, the hypothesis is that gender inequalities have been eradicated, but the National Equality Panel found recently that men are still paid up to twenty one percent more per hour than women who have the same job role and qualifications (EHRC 2010). This report has been devastatingly critiqued by numerous academics, including Saunders (2010) and Caldwell (2010) who both believe that the EHRC have confused the meaning of inequality with that of prejudice and discrimination (Caldwell 2010:7 and Saunders 2010:14). This demonstrates how, like class, gender is a hard topic to define and quantify, therefore its affects on occupational choice are very difficult to measure. In 1984, Martin and Roberts looked at the relationship between gender and career choice, and found that a womans decision making process is related to the assumption that she will become a mother and therefore be more dedicated toward child rearing and domesticated duties (Watson 2003:192). This study suffers due to the fact that it is over fifteen years old and therefore cannot be considered as accurate in the present time. However, more recent work has been carried out by Riddell, Gaskell and Banks (1992), who discovered women are more likely to be pulled towards domestic subjects in early schooling (Abercrombie and Warde 2003:472), which illustrates how gender is already affecting occupational choice at a very young age by implying stereotypical roles to each sex . Although Riddell et als research is newer than Martin and Roberts it still has limitations because times have changed so much in the past ten years or so and it does not properly consider the aspirations of males compar ed to those of females. In 2000, Hakim demonstrated that preferences had changed dramatically, women were being offered more opportunities, and businesses had adapted to become more flexible towards them. She identified three work life preference groups; home centred, work centred and adaptive, claiming that most women in America and the United Kingdom could be placed into the adaptive group- therefore achieving a balance between their work and home lives (Watson 2003: 194). More recent studies have also found there to be a more wide range of job opportunities available to both sexes, with the armed forces being an example of how gender atypical roles have deteriorated. The Royal Air Force now offers over ninety percent of its roles to women, whilst the Navy and the Army have approximately three quarters of their roles available to both sexes (MOD, no date). This does however insinuate that not all opportunities are entirely equal- although progress has been made over the last century as attitudes have chan ged and women are looking for self fulfilment from their occupations (Watson 2003:194). Formal institutions have often been blamed for the different educational development of boys and girls. Timperley and Gregory (1971) found that there were approximately four times as many females wanting to continue on in education after school, whereas males were more likely to go straight into the labour market (Wilson 1974:193). Timperley and Gregorys paper would have been far more persuasive if it had been carried out in the last ten years and also if it had covered a nationwide cohort rather than just one particular area. Since this study, research has also begun to cover individual attitudes toward occupational roles, it cannot be said that women nowadays subscribe to the assumption that they will have children- many women are in fact the total opposite and careers are becoming first priority. Harper and Haq (2001), support this by stating that British women who delay motherhood, are likely to be more ambitious in terms of their educational and occupational achievements (Harper and Haq 2001:713). This can also be related to the way in which gender roles have in some cases switched altogether, with some men choosing to stay at home with the children whilst the woman of the household is the main breadwinner. However, this is hard to measure since studies cannot clarify individual aspirations and boys may not apply themselves as much as girls if they believe that the occupation they want to go into does not need high grades, particularly if they are looking at trades or the armed forces. Although class and gender are two of the most prominently researched structural factors that may impact on an individuals occupational choice, Wilson (2010) also mentions the issue of race. The afore mentioned EHRC report found that white working class boys and black Caribbean boys historically have bad attainment grades (EHRC 2010), whilst Haw (1998) concluded from her study that some staff were confused with regards to the treatment of Muslim pupils (Abercrombie and Warde 2003:474-5). Blackwell (2003), looked at the impact of ethnicity in greater detail, and implied that occupational choices in different ethnic groups can largely be related to historical and political reasons. She also noted that ethnic segregation in occupational roles is less than gender segregation, highlighting how differentials can be created by the individual, rather than by the market (Blackwell 2003:726-7). Most studies in racial impact on occupational choice have been slanted towards the opportunities avai lable in the market, but it would be more useful if the authors had considered individualistic factors that relate to culture and political views. Taking into account the studies mentioned; it would seem that ethnicity is not a deciding factor of an individuals occupational choice- and further studies could focus on whether this is true. Returning to the question posed at the beginning of this paper, it is now possible to state that whilst an individual does have freedom of occupational choice to some extent, there are, as Wilson (2010) states, many factors which also have an impact. The findings of this essay suggest that when the individual proceeds through the development of self concept, they can be influenced by parents, peers, class, formal institutions, the current economy, gender and their ethnicity. Further work needs to be done to establish whether individuals in the present times are still impacted by the socio-cultural factors mentioned by Willis (1977), and also to attain whether aspirations are affected by opportunity availability. It is now more acceptable to see women in roles such as plumbing and engineering, but the impact of gender and class is still being argued. Structural factors are very much related to the individual in the sense that certain job roles have historically been filled by certain class origins or by a particular gender- and it has proven difficult to change peoples perceptions of certain careers. New government policies are attempting to eradicate inequalities, although it will be difficult to change individual attitudes and values towards certain jobs- especially in the tough economic climate that is being experienced due to the recession. Overall, it could be said that if an individual is given a fair and varied exposure to all job roles available, then it will be down to their own choice, but in reality this will be very hard to achieve because what may be a good job for one person, may not be perceived as that to another. 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Class, Race and the Higher Education Choice Process British Journal of Sociology, Vol 35, Part: 4: p. 855-874 Saunders, P. (1997) Social Mobility in Britain: an Empirical Evaluation of Two Competing Explanations British Journal of Sociology, Vol 31, Part: 2: pp. 261-288 Saunders, P. (2010) Difference, inequality and unfairness: the fallacies, errors and confusions in the Equality and Human Rights Commission report- How Fair is Britain Civitas Online Report, October [online] [Accessed 20/10/2010] Slocum, W.L. (1959) Some Sociological Aspects of Occupational Choice American Journal of Economics and Sociology. January 1959. pp 183-196 [online] Available from Business Source Premier [Accessed 19/10/2010] Stratton, A. (2010) Nick Clegg Outlines Plans For More Social Mobility The Guardian, 18/08/2010, [online] Available at: [Accessed 19/10/2010] Watson, T.J. (2003) Sociology, Work and Industry. 4th ed. London: Routledge Williams, W.M. (1974) Occupational Choice. London: George Allen and Unwin LTD Willis, P.E. (1977) Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs. Farnborough: Saxon House Wilson, F.M. (2010) Organisational Behaviour and Work. a Critical Introduction. 3rd ed. Abingdon: Routledge